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	<title>EvoLudoLab: Continuous Snowdrift Game - Branching (exp) - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-04-24T15:27:21Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=3032&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Hauert at 07:06, 19 February 2026</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=3032&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-02-19T07:06:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 00:06, 19 February 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{EvoLudoLab:CSD|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{EvoLudoLab:CSD|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;options=&quot;--module cSD --run --delay 100 --view &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Strategies_&lt;/del&gt;-_Distribution --timestep 50 --popsize 5000 --popupdate async --playerupdate imitate-better --geometry M --interactions r1 --references r1 --benefits 14 5,1 --costs 3 1,10 --traitrange 0,3 --init gaussian 2.8,0.02 --mutation 0.01 gaussian 0.02&quot;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;options=&quot;--module cSD --run --delay 100 --view &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Traits_&lt;/ins&gt;-_Distribution --timestep 50 --popsize 5000 --popupdate async --playerupdate imitate-better --geometry M --interactions r1 --references r1 --benefits 14 5,1 --costs 3 1,10 --traitrange 0,3 --init gaussian 2.8,0.02 --mutation 0.01 gaussian 0.02&quot;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;title=Continuous Snowdrift game: Saturating investments|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;title=Continuous Snowdrift game: Saturating investments|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;doc=In all examples so far, if higher investments were advantageous (at least in one branch) then the investments would continue to increase until the upper boundary of the trait range is reached. This must not be the case. In this last example we choose \(B(x+y) = b_1[1-\exp(-b_2 x)]\) and \(C(x) = c_1 \ln(c_2 x+1)\). For the parameters below, we again observe a branching point near \(x^*_1\approx 0.7\) accompanied by a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\). Starting with a population \(x_0 &amp;gt; 0.2\), selection and mutations drive the population towards the branching point but now the emerging upper branch grows only to trait values of around \(2.2\). Obviously, when starting with \(x_0 &amp;lt; 0.2\) branching can not occur and investment levels stay close to zero. Again note that the dimorphic population no longer has a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\) and therefore the lower branch evolves straight to minimal investments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;doc=In all examples so far, if higher investments were advantageous (at least in one branch) then the investments would continue to increase until the upper boundary of the trait range is reached. This must not be the case. In this last example we choose \(B(x+y) = b_1[1-\exp(-b_2 x)]\) and \(C(x) = c_1 \ln(c_2 x+1)\). For the parameters below, we again observe a branching point near \(x^*_1\approx 0.7\) accompanied by a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\). Starting with a population \(x_0 &amp;gt; 0.2\), selection and mutations drive the population towards the branching point but now the emerging upper branch grows only to trait values of around \(2.2\). Obviously, when starting with \(x_0 &amp;lt; 0.2\) branching can not occur and investment levels stay close to zero. Again note that the dimorphic population no longer has a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\) and therefore the lower branch evolves straight to minimal investments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hauert</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=2935&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Hauert at 21:47, 12 August 2024</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=2935&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-08-12T21:47:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:47, 12 August 2024&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{EvoLudoLab:CSD|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{EvoLudoLab:CSD|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;options=&quot;--module cSD --run --delay 100 --view Strategies_-_Distribution --timestep 50 --popsize 5000 --popupdate async --playerupdate imitate-better --geometry M --interactions r1 --references r1 --benefits 14 5,1 --costs 3 1,10 --traitrange 0,3 --&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;inittype &lt;/del&gt;gaussian 2.8,0.02 --&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mutations &lt;/del&gt;0.01 gaussian 0.02&quot;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;options=&quot;--module cSD --run --delay 100 --view Strategies_-_Distribution --timestep 50 --popsize 5000 --popupdate async --playerupdate imitate-better --geometry M --interactions r1 --references r1 --benefits 14 5,1 --costs 3 1,10 --traitrange 0,3 --&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;init &lt;/ins&gt;gaussian 2.8,0.02 --&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mutation &lt;/ins&gt;0.01 gaussian 0.02&quot;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;title=Continuous Snowdrift game: Saturating investments|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;title=Continuous Snowdrift game: Saturating investments|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;doc=In all examples so far, if higher investments were advantageous (at least in one branch) then the investments would continue to increase until the upper boundary of the trait range is reached. This must not be the case. In this last example we choose \(B(x+y) = b_1[1-\exp(-b_2 x)]\) and \(C(x) = c_1 \ln(c_2 x+1)\). For the parameters below, we again observe a branching point near \(x^*_1\approx 0.7\) accompanied by a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\). Starting with a population \(x_0 &amp;gt; 0.2\), selection and mutations drive the population towards the branching point but now the emerging upper branch grows only to trait values of around \(2.2\). Obviously, when starting with \(x_0 &amp;lt; 0.2\) branching can not occur and investment levels stay close to zero. Again note that the dimorphic population no longer has a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\) and therefore the lower branch evolves straight to minimal investments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;doc=In all examples so far, if higher investments were advantageous (at least in one branch) then the investments would continue to increase until the upper boundary of the trait range is reached. This must not be the case. In this last example we choose \(B(x+y) = b_1[1-\exp(-b_2 x)]\) and \(C(x) = c_1 \ln(c_2 x+1)\). For the parameters below, we again observe a branching point near \(x^*_1\approx 0.7\) accompanied by a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\). Starting with a population \(x_0 &amp;gt; 0.2\), selection and mutations drive the population towards the branching point but now the emerging upper branch grows only to trait values of around \(2.2\). Obviously, when starting with \(x_0 &amp;lt; 0.2\) branching can not occur and investment levels stay close to zero. Again note that the dimorphic population no longer has a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\) and therefore the lower branch evolves straight to minimal investments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hauert</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=2800&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Hauert at 20:30, 4 August 2024</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=2800&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-08-04T20:30:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 13:30, 4 August 2024&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{EvoLudoLab:CSD|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{EvoLudoLab:CSD|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;options=&quot;--&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;game &lt;/del&gt;cSD --run --delay 100 --view Strategies_-_Distribution --&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;reportfreq &lt;/del&gt;50 --popsize 5000 --popupdate async --playerupdate imitate --geometry M --&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;intertype &lt;/del&gt;r1 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;--numinter 1 &lt;/del&gt;--references r1 --&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;benefitfcn &lt;/del&gt;14 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;--benefitparams &lt;/del&gt;5,1 --&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;costfcn &lt;/del&gt;3 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;--costparams &lt;/del&gt;1,10 --&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;traitmax &lt;/del&gt;3 --&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;init &lt;/del&gt;2.8,0.02 --&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;inittype gaussian --mutation &lt;/del&gt;0.01 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;--mutationtype g --mutationsdev &lt;/del&gt;0.02&quot;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;options=&quot;--&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;module &lt;/ins&gt;cSD --run --delay 100 --view Strategies_-_Distribution --&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;timestep &lt;/ins&gt;50 --popsize 5000 --popupdate async --playerupdate imitate&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-better &lt;/ins&gt;--geometry M --&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;interactions &lt;/ins&gt;r1 --references r1 --&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;benefits &lt;/ins&gt;14 5,1 --&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;costs &lt;/ins&gt;3 1,10 --&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;traitrange 0,&lt;/ins&gt;3 --&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;inittype gaussian &lt;/ins&gt;2.8,0.02 --&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mutations &lt;/ins&gt;0.01 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;gaussian &lt;/ins&gt;0.02&quot;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;title=Continuous Snowdrift game: Saturating investments|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;title=Continuous Snowdrift game: Saturating investments|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;doc=In all examples so far, if higher investments were advantageous (at least in one branch) then the investments would continue to increase until the upper boundary of the trait range is reached. This must not be the case. In this last example we choose \(B(x+y) = b_1[1-\exp(-b_2 x)]\) and \(C(x) = c_1 \ln(c_2 x+1)\). For the parameters below, we again observe a branching point near \(x^*_1\approx 0.7\) accompanied by a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\). Starting with a population \(x_0 &amp;gt; 0.2\), selection and mutations drive the population towards the branching point but now the emerging upper branch grows only to trait values of around \(2.2\). Obviously, when starting with \(x_0 &amp;lt; 0.2\) branching can not occur and investment levels stay close to zero. Again note that the dimorphic population no longer has a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\) and therefore the lower branch evolves straight to minimal investments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;doc=In all examples so far, if higher investments were advantageous (at least in one branch) then the investments would continue to increase until the upper boundary of the trait range is reached. This must not be the case. In this last example we choose \(B(x+y) = b_1[1-\exp(-b_2 x)]\) and \(C(x) = c_1 \ln(c_2 x+1)\). For the parameters below, we again observe a branching point near \(x^*_1\approx 0.7\) accompanied by a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\). Starting with a population \(x_0 &amp;gt; 0.2\), selection and mutations drive the population towards the branching point but now the emerging upper branch grows only to trait values of around \(2.2\). Obviously, when starting with \(x_0 &amp;lt; 0.2\) branching can not occur and investment levels stay close to zero. Again note that the dimorphic population no longer has a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\) and therefore the lower branch evolves straight to minimal investments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hauert</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=2730&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Hauert at 22:16, 13 October 2023</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=2730&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-10-13T22:16:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 15:16, 13 October 2023&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{EvoLudoLab:CSD|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{EvoLudoLab:CSD|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;options=&quot;--game cSD --run --delay 100 --view Strategies_-_Distribution --reportfreq 50 --popsize 5000 --popupdate &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;r &lt;/del&gt;--playerupdate &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;i &lt;/del&gt;--geometry M --intertype &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a1 &lt;/del&gt;--numinter 1 --&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;reprotype a1 &lt;/del&gt;--benefitfcn 14 --benefitparams 5&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/del&gt;1 --costfcn 3 --costparams 1&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/del&gt;10 --traitmax 3 --&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;initmean &lt;/del&gt;2.8 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;--initsdev &lt;/del&gt;0.02 --mutation 0.01 --mutationtype g --mutationsdev 0.02&quot;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;options=&quot;--game cSD --run --delay 100 --view Strategies_-_Distribution --reportfreq 50 --popsize 5000 --popupdate &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;async &lt;/ins&gt;--playerupdate &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;imitate &lt;/ins&gt;--geometry M --intertype &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;r1 &lt;/ins&gt;--numinter 1 --&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;references r1 &lt;/ins&gt;--benefitfcn 14 --benefitparams 5&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/ins&gt;1 --costfcn 3 --costparams 1&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/ins&gt;10 --traitmax 3 --&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;init &lt;/ins&gt;2.8&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/ins&gt;0.02 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;--inittype gaussian &lt;/ins&gt;--mutation 0.01 --mutationtype g --mutationsdev 0.02&quot;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;title=Continuous Snowdrift game: Saturating investments|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;title=Continuous Snowdrift game: Saturating investments|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;doc=In all examples so far, if higher investments were advantageous (at least in one branch) then the investments would continue to increase until the upper boundary of the trait range is reached. This must not be the case. In this last example we choose \(B(x+y) = b_1[1-\exp(-b_2 x)]\) and \(C(x) = c_1 \ln(c_2 x+1)\). For the parameters below, we again observe a branching point near \(x^*_1\approx 0.7\) accompanied by a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\). Starting with a population \(x_0 &amp;gt; 0.2\), selection and mutations drive the population towards the branching point but now the emerging upper branch grows only to trait values of around \(2.2\). Obviously, when starting with \(x_0 &amp;lt; 0.2\) branching can not occur and investment levels stay close to zero. Again note that the dimorphic population no longer has a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\) and therefore the lower branch evolves straight to minimal investments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;doc=In all examples so far, if higher investments were advantageous (at least in one branch) then the investments would continue to increase until the upper boundary of the trait range is reached. This must not be the case. In this last example we choose \(B(x+y) = b_1[1-\exp(-b_2 x)]\) and \(C(x) = c_1 \ln(c_2 x+1)\). For the parameters below, we again observe a branching point near \(x^*_1\approx 0.7\) accompanied by a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\). Starting with a population \(x_0 &amp;gt; 0.2\), selection and mutations drive the population towards the branching point but now the emerging upper branch grows only to trait values of around \(2.2\). Obviously, when starting with \(x_0 &amp;lt; 0.2\) branching can not occur and investment levels stay close to zero. Again note that the dimorphic population no longer has a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\) and therefore the lower branch evolves straight to minimal investments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hauert</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=2612&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Hauert at 00:22, 11 December 2020</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=2612&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2020-12-11T00:22:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 17:22, 10 December 2020&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{EvoLudoLab:CSD|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{EvoLudoLab:CSD|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;options=&quot;--game cSD --run --delay &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;200 &lt;/del&gt;--view Strategies_-_Distribution --reportfreq 50 --popsize 5000 --popupdate r --playerupdate i &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;--updateprob 1.0 &lt;/del&gt;--geometry M --intertype a1 --numinter 1 --reprotype a1 --benefitfcn 14 --&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;benefitparam &lt;/del&gt;5:1 --costfcn 3 --&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;costparam &lt;/del&gt;1:10 --traitmax 3 --initmean 2.8 --initsdev 0.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;05 &lt;/del&gt;--mutation 0.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;02 &lt;/del&gt;--mutationtype g --mutationsdev 0.02&quot;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;options=&quot;--game cSD --run --delay &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;100 &lt;/ins&gt;--view Strategies_-_Distribution --reportfreq 50 --popsize 5000 --popupdate r --playerupdate i --geometry M --intertype a1 --numinter 1 --reprotype a1 --benefitfcn 14 --&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;benefitparams &lt;/ins&gt;5:1 --costfcn 3 --&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;costparams &lt;/ins&gt;1:10 --traitmax 3 --initmean 2.8 --initsdev 0.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;02 &lt;/ins&gt;--mutation 0.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;01 &lt;/ins&gt;--mutationtype g --mutationsdev 0.02&quot;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;title=Continuous Snowdrift game: Saturating investments|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;title=Continuous Snowdrift game: Saturating investments|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;doc=In all examples so far, if higher investments were advantageous (at least in one branch) then the investments would continue to increase until the upper boundary of the trait range is reached. This must not be the case. In this last example we choose \(B(x+y) = &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;b_0&lt;/del&gt;[1-\exp(-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;b_1 &lt;/del&gt;x)]\) and \(C(x) =&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;c_0 &lt;/del&gt;\ln(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;c_1 &lt;/del&gt;x+1)\). For the parameters below, we again observe a branching point near \(x^*_1\approx 0.7\) accompanied by a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\). Starting with a population \(x_0 &amp;gt; 0.2\), selection and mutations drive the population towards the branching point but now the emerging upper branch grows only to trait values of around \(2.2\). Obviously, when starting with \(x_0 &amp;lt; 0.2\) branching can not occur and investment levels stay close to zero. Again note that the dimorphic population no longer has a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\) and therefore the lower branch evolves straight to minimal investments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;doc=In all examples so far, if higher investments were advantageous (at least in one branch) then the investments would continue to increase until the upper boundary of the trait range is reached. This must not be the case. In this last example we choose \(B(x+y) = &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;b_1&lt;/ins&gt;[1-\exp(-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;b_2 &lt;/ins&gt;x)]\) and \(C(x) = &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;c_1 &lt;/ins&gt;\ln(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;c_2 &lt;/ins&gt;x+1)\). For the parameters below, we again observe a branching point near \(x^*_1\approx 0.7\) accompanied by a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\). Starting with a population \(x_0 &amp;gt; 0.2\), selection and mutations drive the population towards the branching point but now the emerging upper branch grows only to trait values of around \(2.2\). Obviously, when starting with \(x_0 &amp;lt; 0.2\) branching can not occur and investment levels stay close to zero. Again note that the dimorphic population no longer has a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\) and therefore the lower branch evolves straight to minimal investments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The parameters are set to \(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;b_0 &lt;/del&gt;= 5, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;b_1 &lt;/del&gt;= 1, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;c_0 &lt;/del&gt;= 1, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;c_1 &lt;/del&gt;= 10\) with players imitating better strategies proportional to the payoff difference and an initial traits/investment of \(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;2 &lt;/del&gt;\pm 0.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;05&lt;/del&gt;\) in a population of \(5&#039;000\) individuals. Mutations occur with a probability of 1% and the standard deviation of the Gaussian distributed mutations is \(0.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;01&lt;/del&gt;\).}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The parameters are set to \(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;b_1 &lt;/ins&gt;= 5, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;b_2 &lt;/ins&gt;= 1, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;c_1 &lt;/ins&gt;= 1, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;c_2 &lt;/ins&gt;= 10\) with players imitating better strategies proportional to the payoff difference and an initial traits/investment of \(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;8 &lt;/ins&gt;\pm 0.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;02&lt;/ins&gt;\) in a population of \(5&#039;000\) individuals. Mutations occur with a probability of 1% and the standard deviation of the Gaussian distributed mutations is \(0.&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;02&lt;/ins&gt;\).}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Christoph Hauert]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Christoph Hauert]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hauert</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=2394&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Hauert at 23:07, 23 August 2016</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=2394&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2016-08-23T23:07:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 16:07, 23 August 2016&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{EvoLudoLab:CSD|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{EvoLudoLab:CSD|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;options=&quot;--game cSD --run --delay 200 --view &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;2 &lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-no3D &lt;/del&gt;--reportfreq 50 --popsize 5000 --popupdate r --playerupdate i --updateprob 1.0 --geometry M --intertype a1 --numinter 1 --reprotype a1 --benefitfcn 14 --benefitparam 5:1 --costfcn 3 --costparam 1:10 --traitmax 3 --initmean 2.8 --initsdev 0.05 --mutation 0.02 --mutationtype g --mutationsdev 0.02&quot;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;options=&quot;--game cSD --run --delay 200 --view &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Strategies_&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;_Distribution &lt;/ins&gt;--reportfreq 50 --popsize 5000 --popupdate r --playerupdate i --updateprob 1.0 --geometry M --intertype a1 --numinter 1 --reprotype a1 --benefitfcn 14 --benefitparam 5:1 --costfcn 3 --costparam 1:10 --traitmax 3 --initmean 2.8 --initsdev 0.05 --mutation 0.02 --mutationtype g --mutationsdev 0.02&quot;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;title=Continuous Snowdrift game: Saturating investments|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;title=Continuous Snowdrift game: Saturating investments|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;doc=In all examples so far, if higher investments were advantageous (at least in one branch) then the investments would continue to increase until the upper boundary of the trait range is reached. This must not be the case. In this last example we choose \(B(x+y) = b_0[1-\exp(-b_1 x)]\) and \(C(x) =c_0 \ln(c_1 x+1)\). For the parameters below, we again observe a branching point near \(x^*_1\approx 0.7\) accompanied by a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\). Starting with a population \(x_0 &amp;gt; 0.2\), selection and mutations drive the population towards the branching point but now the emerging upper branch grows only to trait values of around \(2.2\). Obviously, when starting with \(x_0 &amp;lt; 0.2\) branching can not occur and investment levels stay close to zero. Again note that the dimorphic population no longer has a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\) and therefore the lower branch evolves straight to minimal investments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;doc=In all examples so far, if higher investments were advantageous (at least in one branch) then the investments would continue to increase until the upper boundary of the trait range is reached. This must not be the case. In this last example we choose \(B(x+y) = b_0[1-\exp(-b_1 x)]\) and \(C(x) =c_0 \ln(c_1 x+1)\). For the parameters below, we again observe a branching point near \(x^*_1\approx 0.7\) accompanied by a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\). Starting with a population \(x_0 &amp;gt; 0.2\), selection and mutations drive the population towards the branching point but now the emerging upper branch grows only to trait values of around \(2.2\). Obviously, when starting with \(x_0 &amp;lt; 0.2\) branching can not occur and investment levels stay close to zero. Again note that the dimorphic population no longer has a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\) and therefore the lower branch evolves straight to minimal investments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hauert</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=2303&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wikiadmin at 19:36, 11 March 2016</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=2303&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2016-03-11T19:36:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en-CA&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 12:36, 11 March 2016&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{EvoLudoLab:CSD|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{EvoLudoLab:CSD|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;options=&quot;--run --delay 200 --view &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Trait_-_Histogram &lt;/del&gt;--no3D --reportfreq 50 --popsize 5000 --popupdate r --playerupdate i --updateprob 1.0 --geometry M --intertype a1 --numinter 1 --reprotype a1 --benefitfcn 14 --benefitparam 5:1 --costfcn 3 --costparam 1:10 --traitmax 3 --initmean 2.8 --initsdev 0.05 --mutation 0.02 --mutationtype g --mutationsdev 0.02&quot;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;options=&quot;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;--game cSD &lt;/ins&gt;--run --delay 200 --view &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;2 &lt;/ins&gt;--no3D --reportfreq 50 --popsize 5000 --popupdate r --playerupdate i --updateprob 1.0 --geometry M --intertype a1 --numinter 1 --reprotype a1 --benefitfcn 14 --benefitparam 5:1 --costfcn 3 --costparam 1:10 --traitmax 3 --initmean 2.8 --initsdev 0.05 --mutation 0.02 --mutationtype g --mutationsdev 0.02&quot;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;title=Continuous Snowdrift game: Saturating investments|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;title=Continuous Snowdrift game: Saturating investments|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;doc=In all examples so far, if higher investments were advantageous (at least in one branch) then the investments would continue to increase until the upper boundary of the trait range is reached. This must not be the case. In this last example we choose \(B(x+y) = b_0[1-\exp(-b_1 x)]\) and \(C(x) =c_0 \ln(c_1 x+1)\). For the parameters below, we again observe a branching point near \(x^*_1\approx 0.7\) accompanied by a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\). Starting with a population \(x_0 &amp;gt; 0.2\), selection and mutations drive the population towards the branching point but now the emerging upper branch grows only to trait values of around \(2.2\). Obviously, when starting with \(x_0 &amp;lt; 0.2\) branching can not occur and investment levels stay close to zero. Again note that the dimorphic population no longer has a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\) and therefore the lower branch evolves straight to minimal investments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;doc=In all examples so far, if higher investments were advantageous (at least in one branch) then the investments would continue to increase until the upper boundary of the trait range is reached. This must not be the case. In this last example we choose \(B(x+y) = b_0[1-\exp(-b_1 x)]\) and \(C(x) =c_0 \ln(c_1 x+1)\). For the parameters below, we again observe a branching point near \(x^*_1\approx 0.7\) accompanied by a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\). Starting with a population \(x_0 &amp;gt; 0.2\), selection and mutations drive the population towards the branching point but now the emerging upper branch grows only to trait values of around \(2.2\). Obviously, when starting with \(x_0 &amp;lt; 0.2\) branching can not occur and investment levels stay close to zero. Again note that the dimorphic population no longer has a repellor near \(x^*_2\approx 0.2\) and therefore the lower branch evolves straight to minimal investments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wikiadmin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=1055&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Hauert at 01:51, 22 March 2012</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=1055&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2012-03-22T01:51:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:51, 21 March 2012&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;VirtualLab&lt;/del&gt;:CSD|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;EvoLudoLab&lt;/ins&gt;:CSD|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;options=&quot;--run --delay 200 --view &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;3 &lt;/del&gt;--reportfreq 50 --popsize 5000 --popupdate r --playerupdate i --updateprob 1&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.0 --switchpref 0&lt;/del&gt;.0 --geometry M --intertype a1 --numinter 1 --reprotype a1 --benefitfcn 14 --benefitparam 5:1 --costfcn 3 --costparam 1:10 --traitmax 3 --initmean 2.8 --initsdev 0.05 --mutation 0.02 --mutationtype g --mutationsdev 0.02&quot;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;options=&quot;--run --delay 200 --view &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Trait_-_Histogram --no3D &lt;/ins&gt;--reportfreq 50 --popsize 5000 --popupdate r --playerupdate i --updateprob 1.0 --geometry M --intertype a1 --numinter 1 --reprotype a1 --benefitfcn 14 --benefitparam 5:1 --costfcn 3 --costparam 1:10 --traitmax 3 --initmean 2.8 --initsdev 0.05 --mutation 0.02 --mutationtype g --mutationsdev 0.02&quot;|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;title=Continuous Snowdrift game: Saturating investments|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;title=Continuous Snowdrift game: Saturating investments|&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;doc=In all examples so far, if higher investments were advantageous (at least in one branch) then the investments would continue to increase until the upper boundary of the trait range is reached. This must not be the case. In this last example we choose &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;B(x+y) = b_0[1-\exp(-b_1 x)]&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;/del&gt;and &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;C(x) =c_0 \ln(c_1 x+1)&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;. For the parameters below, we again observe a branching point near &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;x^*_1\approx 0.7&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;/del&gt;accompanied by a repellor near &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;x^*_2\approx 0.2&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;. Starting with a population &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;x_0 &amp;gt; 0.2&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;, selection and mutations drive the population towards the branching point but now the emerging upper branch grows only to trait values of around &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;2.2&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;. Obviously, when starting with &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;x_0 &amp;lt; 0.2&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;/del&gt;branching can not occur and investment levels stay close to zero. Again note that the dimorphic population no longer has a repellor near &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;x^*_2\approx 0.2&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;/del&gt;and therefore the lower branch evolves straight to minimal investments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;doc=In all examples so far, if higher investments were advantageous (at least in one branch) then the investments would continue to increase until the upper boundary of the trait range is reached. This must not be the case. In this last example we choose &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\(&lt;/ins&gt;B(x+y) = b_0[1-\exp(-b_1 x)]&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\) &lt;/ins&gt;and &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\(&lt;/ins&gt;C(x) =c_0 \ln(c_1 x+1)&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\)&lt;/ins&gt;. For the parameters below, we again observe a branching point near &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\(&lt;/ins&gt;x^*_1\approx 0.7&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\) &lt;/ins&gt;accompanied by a repellor near &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\(&lt;/ins&gt;x^*_2\approx 0.2&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\)&lt;/ins&gt;. Starting with a population &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\(&lt;/ins&gt;x_0 &amp;gt; 0.2&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\)&lt;/ins&gt;, selection and mutations drive the population towards the branching point but now the emerging upper branch grows only to trait values of around &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\(&lt;/ins&gt;2.2&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\)&lt;/ins&gt;. Obviously, when starting with &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\(&lt;/ins&gt;x_0 &amp;lt; 0.2&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\) &lt;/ins&gt;branching can not occur and investment levels stay close to zero. Again note that the dimorphic population no longer has a repellor near &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\(&lt;/ins&gt;x^*_2\approx 0.2&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\) &lt;/ins&gt;and therefore the lower branch evolves straight to minimal investments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The parameters are set to &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;b_0 = 5, b_1 = 1, c_0 = 1, c_1 = 10&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;/del&gt;with players imitating better strategies proportional to the payoff difference and an initial traits/investment of &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;0.2 \pm 0.05&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; &lt;/del&gt;in a population of 5&#039;000 individuals. Mutations occur with a probability of 1% and the standard deviation of the Gaussian distributed mutations is &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;0.01&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;.}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The parameters are set to &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\(&lt;/ins&gt;b_0 = 5, b_1 = 1, c_0 = 1, c_1 = 10&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\) &lt;/ins&gt;with players imitating better strategies proportional to the payoff difference and an initial traits/investment of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\(&lt;/ins&gt;0.2 \pm 0.05&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\) &lt;/ins&gt;in a population of &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\(&lt;/ins&gt;5&#039;000&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\) &lt;/ins&gt;individuals. Mutations occur with a probability of 1% and the standard deviation of the Gaussian distributed mutations is &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\(&lt;/ins&gt;0.01&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;\)&lt;/ins&gt;.}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Christoph Hauert]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category: Christoph Hauert]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hauert</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=840&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wikiadmin: moved VirtualLab: Continuous Snowdrift Game - Branching (exp) to EvoLudoLab: Continuous Snowdrift Game - Branching (exp)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=840&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2010-01-26T22:31:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;moved &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=VirtualLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;VirtualLab: Continuous Snowdrift Game - Branching (exp) (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;VirtualLab: Continuous Snowdrift Game - Branching (exp)&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&quot; title=&quot;EvoLudoLab: Continuous Snowdrift Game - Branching (exp)&quot;&gt;EvoLudoLab: Continuous Snowdrift Game - Branching (exp)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 15:31, 26 January 2010&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-notice&quot; lang=&quot;en-CA&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
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		<author><name>Wikiadmin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=279&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wikiadmin at 01:38, 20 January 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.evoludo.org/index.php?title=EvoLudoLab:_Continuous_Snowdrift_Game_-_Branching_(exp)&amp;diff=279&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-01-20T01:38:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{VirtualLab:CSD|&lt;br /&gt;
options=&amp;quot;--run --delay 200 --view 3 --reportfreq 50 --popsize 5000 --popupdate r --playerupdate i --updateprob 1.0 --switchpref 0.0 --geometry M --intertype a1 --numinter 1 --reprotype a1 --benefitfcn 14 --benefitparam 5:1 --costfcn 3 --costparam 1:10 --traitmax 3 --initmean 2.8 --initsdev 0.05 --mutation 0.02 --mutationtype g --mutationsdev 0.02&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
title=Continuous Snowdrift game: Saturating investments|&lt;br /&gt;
doc=In all examples so far, if higher investments were advantageous (at least in one branch) then the investments would continue to increase until the upper boundary of the trait range is reached. This must not be the case. In this last example we choose &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;B(x+y) = b_0[1-\exp(-b_1 x)]&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;C(x) =c_0 \ln(c_1 x+1)&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. For the parameters below, we again observe a branching point near &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x^*_1\approx 0.7&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; accompanied by a repellor near &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x^*_2\approx 0.2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Starting with a population &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_0 &amp;gt; 0.2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;, selection and mutations drive the population towards the branching point but now the emerging upper branch grows only to trait values of around &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;2.2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;. Obviously, when starting with &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x_0 &amp;lt; 0.2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; branching can not occur and investment levels stay close to zero. Again note that the dimorphic population no longer has a repellor near &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;x^*_2\approx 0.2&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; and therefore the lower branch evolves straight to minimal investments.&lt;br /&gt;
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The parameters are set to &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;b_0 = 5, b_1 = 1, c_0 = 1, c_1 = 10&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; with players imitating better strategies proportional to the payoff difference and an initial traits/investment of &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;0.2 \pm 0.05&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt; in a population of 5&amp;#039;000 individuals. Mutations occur with a probability of 1% and the standard deviation of the Gaussian distributed mutations is &amp;lt;math&amp;gt;0.01&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;.}}&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category: Christoph Hauert]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wikiadmin</name></author>
	</entry>
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