EvoLudo: Difference between revisions
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=== <!--[[-->Mutualisms: cooperation between species<!--]]--> === | === <!--[[-->Mutualisms: cooperation between species<!--]]--> === | ||
[[Image:Mutualism two-layer lattice.png|160px|left<!--|link= Mutualisms: cooperation between species-->]] | {| | ||
| style="vertical-align:top" |[[Image:Mutualism two-layer lattice.png|160px|left<!--|link= Mutualisms: cooperation between species-->]] | |||
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''Upcoming:'' new tutorial on <!--[[Mutualisms: cooperation between species|-->''inter-species interactions''<!--]]--> in preparation. | ''Upcoming:'' new tutorial on <!--[[Mutualisms: cooperation between species|-->''inter-species interactions''<!--]]--> in preparation. | ||
Cooperative interactions ''between'' species are the foundation of all mutualistic associations. Compared to ''within'' species interactions, the problem of cooperation is exacerbated because cooperation bestows benefits to members of another species. Mutual benefits require inter-species coordination to prevent exploitation. Here we show that in the spatial prisoner's dilemma surprisingly rich dynamics emerge with distinct dynamical domains separated by critical phase transitions, which imply arbitrarily large fluctuations and diverging spatial correlations. Most importantly, cooperative behaviour not only persists, but may result in intriguing, spontaneous symmetry breaking in the level of cooperation in each species. Evolution may favour asymmetric states that effectively separate species into cooperative producers and defecting consumers. Surprisingly, the asymmetry becomes more pronounced under more benign conditions of cooperation. | Cooperative interactions ''between'' species are the foundation of all mutualistic associations. Compared to ''within'' species interactions, the problem of cooperation is exacerbated because cooperation bestows benefits to members of another species. Mutual benefits require inter-species coordination to prevent exploitation. Here we show that in the spatial prisoner's dilemma surprisingly rich dynamics emerge with distinct dynamical domains separated by critical phase transitions, which imply arbitrarily large fluctuations and diverging spatial correlations. Most importantly, cooperative behaviour not only persists, but may result in intriguing, spontaneous symmetry breaking in the level of cooperation in each species. Evolution may favour asymmetric states that effectively separate species into cooperative producers and defecting consumers. Surprisingly, the asymmetry becomes more pronounced under more benign conditions of cooperation. | ||
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Hauert, C., & Szabó, G. (2024) ''PNAS Nexus'' (in print). <!--'''462''' 347-360 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.11.019 doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.11.019]--> | Hauert, C., & Szabó, G. (2024) ''PNAS Nexus'' (in print). <!--'''462''' 347-360 [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.11.019 doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.11.019]--> | ||
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=== [[Evolutionary graph theory]] === | === [[Evolutionary graph theory]] === | ||